cell membrane - the part
of the cell which separates the external environment from the cytoplasm;
cell membranes have hydrophilic external surfaces and hydrophobic interiors.
cell wall
- in plant cells, a tough, rigid structure made up of cellulose which
is outside of the cell membrane; provides physical support and helps cells
resist osmotic pressure.
chloroplast - an organelle present
in algae and plant cells that contains chlorophyll and is involved in photosynthesis.
Golgi apparatus
- an organelle in the cytoplasm that packages proteins and carbohydrates
into vesicles for export from the cell.
mitochondrion
- organelle where final cellular respiration steps takes place (initial
steps occur in the cytoplasm) and ATP is generated for use throughout
the cell.
nucleus - organelle which
contains the DNA, organized into chromosomes; site of mRNA synthesis from
DNA.
ribosome - subcellular structures
(typically thousands per cell) that provide sites for protein synthesis;
occur in cytoplasm and on rough endoplasmic reticulum.
vacuole - large organelle
in plant cells that contains water, often having dissolved pigments, waste
materials, or other substances.